O uso do Iodo-131 na terapêutica da doença de graves: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

This study comprises an integrative literature analysis about the application of Iodine-131 in the management of Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disorder that induces hyperthyroidism. The study was performed in databases like Scopus, utilizing the keywords "hyperthyroidism," "Graves' Disease," "iodine therapy," "scintigraphy," and "Iodine-131," focusing on articles published from 2014 to 2024. An integrative literature review was conducted, adhering to the methodology proposed by Souza & Silva (2010), which encompasses theme identification, formulation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and evaluation from selected studies, result interpretation, and review presentation. The inclusion criteria encompassed original articles concerning the application of Iodine-131 in Graves' Disease, published in Spanish, English, or Portuguese. Out of the 796 recognized papers, 78 were chosen for the final review. The findings demonstrate that Iodine-131 is a proven and successful treatment for hyperthyroidism resulting from Graves' Disease. Iodine-131 functions by obliterating hyperactive thyroid cells by beta radiation, hence restoring hormone synthesis. Benefits encompass significant efficacy, convenience, economical pricing, and no severe adverse effects. Nonetheless, severe effects like persistent hypothyroidism may arise, necessitating strict safeguards to safeguard both the patient and healthcare workers. The study highlighted current advancements in tailored dosimetry and enhanced imaging techniques, which augment therapy efficacy and safety. Iodine-131 therapy is among the safest and most efficacious treatments for hyperthyroidism, providing substantial cost-effectiveness. Despite the possibility of issues like hypothyroidism, the advantages of the treatment surpass the potential hazards. Consistent follow-up is crucial to ascertain effectiveness and modify the treatment as necessary.