Impactos da radiação solar na integridade genética e na saúde cutânea

Abstract

UV radiation is one of the main causes of skin damage, negatively impacting genetic integrity and skin health. Exposure to UV radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC, can induce DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), which interfere with DNA replication and transcription, contributing to premature aging and the development of skin cancer. These damages are exacerbated by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affect lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in cells. This study aimed to analyze the effects of UV radiation on genetic integrity and skin health through an integrative review. The research was conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, and Medline databases, covering studies published between 2010 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that addressed the impacts of solar exposure and photoprotection strategies. The results highlighted a clear relationship between unprotected exposure to UV radiation and an increased risk of skin cancer and photoaging. The formation of CPDs, 6-4PPs, and ROS was identified as a central mechanism in cellular damage and skin aging. Additionally, DNA repair mechanisms, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER), play crucial roles in mitigating these harmful effects. Regular use of sunscreen has proven effective in reducing these damages, underscoring the importance of photoprotection strategies. In conclusion, UV radiation significantly affects genetic integrity and skin health, emphasizing the need for preventive measures, such as the continuous use of sunscreen, to protect the skin.