Projeto e aplicação de via de escape para situações de emergência de caminhões desgovernados em mineração a céu aberto

Abstract

This work focuses on the design and application of an escape ramp for runaway trucks in a large-scale open-pit mining operation, with an emphasis on accident prevention and operational safety. Considering the high risk of accidents due to mechanical failures and human errors involving heavy vehicles, this study highlights the need for practical solutions adapted to the conditions of Brazilian mines, especially in areas with high truck traffic. Furthermore, a gap was identified in the literature regarding the practical and detailed implementation of escape ramp projects specifically tailored to the national mining context, which motivated the development of this research. The objective was to propose a functional and technically grounded solution. The methodology included field assessment, ramp dimensioning using empirical formulas, and three-dimensional modeling with Deswik software. As a result, a ramp was designed with 117.1 meters in length and an average depth of 2.15 meters, including a central berm 2 meters high, built using 10,664 tons of crushed stone sourced from the mine itself. The structure was placed in a strategic area with high traffic, demonstrating technical efficiency and practical feasibility. The main contribution of this study is to provide a realworld solution to enhance internal road safety, with potential for replication in other mining operations. Future research may compare different ramp types and explore the use of simulations for performance analysis.