Caracterização física e mecânica de três espécies madeireiras do Norte de Mato Grosso

Abstract

The correct use of a material is associated with its characteristics, wood is no exception to the rule, making it important to know its variations in order to predict its behavior in different uses. In this context, this work aims to determine the physical properties (specific mass, moisture content, contraction and swelling) and the mechanical properties (static bending, compression parallel to the fibers, shear and Janka hardness) of three timber species from the north of Mato Grosso. For this, three trees of each species were felled, and a disc was collected in lengths equivalent to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of its commercial height to determine the specific mass and moisture content and, from each from the tree, a 2.00 m long short log was collected in the interval between the base of the tree and 25% of the commercial height to determine shrinkage and mechanical properties. It was concluded that the basic specific mass averages are decreasing in the base-top direction, and the woods can be classified into low and medium density woods. Apeiba echinata showed a shrinkage anisotropy factor value of 2.80, which means that it can be considered a wood with a higher risk of deformation during drying. As the basic specific mass increases, the other physical and mechanical properties increase. These woods are indicated for commercial uses, but with some restrictions since they have difficulties to dry, being more susceptible to defects and cracks during the drying process.