Violência doméstica e gravidez de alto risco : perfil das mulheres atendidas em Sinop – Mato Grosso

Abstract

Introduction: the prevalence of pregnant women considered high risk corresponds to approximately 10%, identified by criteria determining the favorable or unfavorable outcome of pregnancy, including individual, sociodemographic, and comorbidity factors. Domestic violence is one of the situations that can lead to complications for both the pregnant woman and the fetus. Objective: to describe the profile of high-risk pregnant women who are victims of domestic violence treated at CRASM in the municipality of Sinop, northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, using a non-probabilistic convenience sample. A documentary analysis of medical records (n=47) of high-risk pregnant patients followed during prenatal care at the Women's Health Reference Center in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from January to December 2022 was conducted. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire, after approval from the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 65712522.3.0000.8097). The data obtained from the medical records were tabulated, analyzed, and presented using texts, tables, and graphs. Results: 47 medical records of high-risk pregnant women meeting the established criteria were analyzed. Of these, 44 contained information about domestic violence prior to pregnancy, and nine records provided information about domestic violence during the current pregnancy. The analyzed medical records revealed the following characteristics: adult, reproductive women aged 19 to 29 years, in stable relationships, of mixed race, with completed high school education, family income ranging from 1 to 3 minimum wages, and with at least one previous pregnancy. The most prevalent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with psychological violence being the most common type of domestic violence. Discussion: the discussion was based on the sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric and reproductive history, and domestic violence found. Conclusion: domestic violence represents a serious problem, becoming even more concerning when it occurs during a high-risk pregnancy due to the complexity involved in this context. This study contributes to the scientific literature, public policies, and healthcare professionals, especially nursing, by addressing social, demographic, obstetric, reproductive, and types of violence faced by women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy.