Trabalho e desenvolvimento socioeconômico brasileiro promovido pelos governos entre 1998 e 2022 : uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do trabalho e dos impactos que políticas de aumento do salário-mínimo real associadas a políticas assistencialistas exercem sobre o desenvolvimento socioeconômico nacional

Abstract

This study undertakes a detailed critical analysis of the historical and contemporary landscape of the labor market in Brazil, with a particular focus on the interrelationship between the minimum wage and the purchasing power of Brazilian workers in the period from 1998 to 2022. This time frame is notable for the various government policies implemented, which aimed to foster the country's socioeconomic development. Central to this investigation is the issue of substantial transformations in the realm of work and society over the centuries, with special emphasis on the transition from slave labor to free labor in Brazil and the subsequent socioeconomic ramifications. The research critically addresses the issue of the minimum wage and its correlation with the valorization of labor, precarious urbanization, and the expansion of favelas in the post-abolition period, and the inadequacy of the minimum wage in providing adequate family sustenance, despite governmental adjustments. To this end, an extensive bibliographic review was conducted, examining the perspectives of political economy through the lenses of theorists such as Weber, Marx, and Keynes. Specifically, this research investigates the evolution of the real minimum wage, the role of assistentialist policies, and their relationship with income distribution and socioeconomic inequality. The methodology adopted in this study is econometrics, using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method to model the dynamics and interdependence between economic variables. Data collection was extensive, covering the period from 1998 to 2022, and relying on primary sources such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Confederation of Industry (CNI). The research findings indicate that the policies of increasing the real minimum wage and the implemented assistentialist measures had a significant impact on Brazil's socioeconomic development. There was observed growth in the nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), advancements in the Human Development Index (HDI), and a trend towards a reduction in income inequality. However, significant challenges remain, particularly in terms of social protection and sustainable development.