Mulheres empreendedoras no setor de salão de beleza : um corte antes e depois da pandemia

Abstract

This study analyzes the conditions of entrepreneurship in the beauty sector in Brazil, with a focus on the effects of the pandemic, analyzing changes in the socioeconomic characteristics of female entrepreneurs operating in beauty salons and businesses in the sector. The data source used to support the study is the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) for the years 2016, 2019 and 2022. Entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who report their occupation as employer or self-employed for the purposes of this study. The study examined a series of variables to describe female entrepreneurs, such as the number of dependents, age, income, hours worked, hourly wage, receipt of family benefits, social security contributions, race and education level, as well as the number of jobs created by these businesses, the presence of a partner, the existence of a place of business and CNPJ registration. The group of beauty entrepreneurs is mainly made up of self-employed persons, the majority of whom are women, and is heterogeneous both between the employer and self-employed categories and within these categories. Notably, before and after the pandemic, there were no significant changes in socioeconomic characteristics or entrepreneurship. In 2019, there was a higher concentration of income in the sector. In 2022, there was a decrease in income concentration, but it has not yet returned to the level of 2016. According to the study, the beauty salon industry is currently experiencing a notable growth rate, indicating a significant recovery from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This presents a promising business opportunity and a viable source of income, particularly for those who are struggling to find employment due to the economic downturn.