Considerações anestésicas para procedimento de pericardiocentese em cão : relato de caso

Abstract

Pericardial effusion is the most common acquired pericardial disease in dogs, characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, often associated with the presence of cardiac neoplasms. Its primary complication is cardiac tamponade, which occurs due to increased intrapericardial pressure, leading to the collapse of the heart chambers. Diagnosis is established through a combination of clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies, such as radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and pericardial fluid analysis. Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause; however, as a palliative measure, pericardiocentesis is essential and must be performed urgently to stabilize the patient and relieve cardiac tamponade. Dogs with this condition are prone to developing hemodynamic, vascular, and cardiorespiratory disturbances, which can be worsened by the improper use of certain drugs. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the disease’s pathophysiology and the effects of anesthetics on the cardiovascular system is crucial for the appropriate selection of anesthetic agents, ensuring safer management of surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic procedures.