Características sociodemográficas, estado de saúde e estilo de vida de gestantes adolescentes : dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Abstract

Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman's life, being characterized by significant physiological and emotional changes. It is known that when pregnancy occurs in adolescence, this period is permeated by additional difficulties, such as inadequate prenatal care, lack of family support, and financial instability. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the sociodemographic profile, health status and lifestyle of Brazilian pregnant adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study, with data from the National Health Survey - 2019. Sociodemographic data (age, area of household, color or race, living or not with a spouse, schooling), health aspects (health insurance, health status, and chronic diseases), and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and screen time for leisure) were evaluated. The comparison between the characteristics of the pregnant women, according to age group, was performed using Pearson's chi-square test, with a statistical significance level of 5%. The sample included 773 pregnant women, of whom 60 were adolescents (7.76%), with a mean age of 17.1 years and an interquartile range (IQR) between 16.5 and 18 years, and 713 were adults (92.24%), with a mean age of 29.2 years and an interquartile range (IQR) between 24 and 34 years. The results revealed that 53.33% of the adolescents lived with their spouses, 52.94% had completed high school and only 6.67% had access to health insurance, with these prevalences being significantly lower when compared to adult pregnant women. These results highlight that adolescent pregnancy is associated with unfavorable socioeconomic and health conditions.