Efeitos das dietas com diferentes fontes proteicas sobre a antropometria, pressão arterial e perfil lipídico de pacientes com doença renal crônica : uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Adequate nutrition can help maintain health. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) causes impairment in the function and structures of the kidneys, which may or may not present an increase in glomerular filtration. The choice of protein source, whether of animal or vegetable origin, as well as the total amount ingested, can be important factors in maintaining periods of illness. Objective: To investigate the effects of protein consumption in patients with CRD by comparing animal protein to vegetable protein. Methods: This is a systematic review with a search for primary studies carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies with individuals ≥ 18 years old who needed a diagnosis of DRC and who came from any health context were included, in addition to presenting a comparison of a vegetarian and/or vegan diet with an omnivorous/mixed diet on anthropometric results, blood antibodies and blood pressure arterial (PA). Results: Seven studies were selected. The number of participants varied between 9 and 55,113, with a total of individuals in the omnivorous consumption group 43,062, in the vegetarian diet group 13,348 and 4,674 were considered vegans. Anthropometric stages were the marker that presented the best results, of the 7 studies that evaluated the anthropometry of patients, 5 found a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) for those who followed a vegetarian diet. Conclusion: The different protein sources in the diets did not significantly modify blood markers and BP, demonstrating a probable benefit only for the anthropometry of patients with CKD.