Prevalência de distúrbios do sono e sua associação com marcadores do consumo alimentar em pacientes com síndrome pós-covid-19

Abstract

Introduction: The pandemic had a significant impact on public health, resulting in millions of cases and deaths worldwide. In addition, concerns have arisen about the post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms after recovery. Measures such as social distancing were implemented to contain the spread of the virus, but had socioeconomic consequences and health impacts, such as sleep disorders and changes in eating patterns. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and its association with food consumption markers. Methods: Cross-sectional study, part of an ambidirectional cohort, evaluated 160 patients with COVID-19, living in Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, 12 months after hospital discharge. The sample included individuals aged 18 or over who were hospitalized between October 2021 and March 2022. Sociodemographic and economic variables, food consumption and persistent symptoms were verified, with emphasis on sleep disorders, assessed regarding satisfaction and change after the high. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the association between sleep disorders and food consumption markers, adopting 5% as the significance level. Results: Of the 160 individuals evaluated twelve months after hospital discharge for COVID-19, most were women 59.0%, adults between 18 and 59 years old 60.0% and 61.5% self-declared brown. In terms of education, 55.8% had only elementary school, while 32.0% declared an income of up to 3 minimum periods. Regarding work, 47.3% worked during hospitalization, but 58.4% did not return to work after discharge. Regarding food consumption, 61.8% of the participants consumed beans less than five times a week and 81.8% had low consumption of vegetables. Fruit consumption was also scarce, with 96.2% consuming less than five times a week. As for unhealthy foods, 81.2% consumed soft drinks infrequently, but 31.8% said they consumed sweets regularly. Regarding sleep, 53.6% were satisfied, with a higher prevalence among men 60.2% and among those with income of 2 to 3 minimum periods. Satisfaction with sleep was associated with characteristics such as higher education and maintenance of employment after hospital discharge. On the other hand, 34.9% of individuals reported sleep changes, being more frequent among men and those who helped work. The analysis indicated that the non-resumption of work was significantly associated with sleep changes. However, no statistics were visualized between food consumption and sleep disorders, despite small variations in the frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods among the specific groups. Conclusion: Although this study did not find significant associations between dietary patterns and sleep quality, the literature suggests that both adequate nutrition and adequate sleep patterns play relevant roles and influence each other. Socioeconomic factors, such as income and emotional stress, have also been shown to be determinants for the recovery of normal sleep patterns. Returning to the work routine contributed positively to restoring sleep and improving quality of life.