Estimativa do risco cardiovascular segundo o escore de risco global em indivíduos com diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 23.6 million deaths by 2030. Several factors can increase the risk of developing CVDs, including DM, which doubles the risk of death from CVD. In Brazil, the prevalence of DM is 10.5%, and inadequate eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle aggravate this situation. Objective: This study aimed to estimate cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals using GRS. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, and quantitative study using secondary data from the extension project "Nutritional care for cardiovascular health in adults - CARDIO-UFMT", from the Federal University of Mato Grosso. The sample included active civil servants diagnosed with DM, aged between 25 and 63 years, treated from February 2023 to August 2024. Cardiovascular risk was determined by the Global Risk Score (GRS), which estimates the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular insufficiency, and heart failure over a 10- year period. Secondary data were collected from medical records. For statistical analysis, SPSS, version 17.0, was used. Results and discussion: The study evaluated 26 individuals with DM, predominantly male (73.08%) with a mean age of 53.46 ± 9.42 years; the sample showed a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle (69.23%), alcohol consumption (73.08%), and smoking (30.77%). Anthropometric data showed obesity in 63.16% of men and 28.57% of women, with a mean waist circumference (106.80 ± 15.20 cm), indicating central obesity. The mean blood glucose was 151.81 ± 67.79 mg/dL, with 61.54% (n=16) of participants diagnosed with arterial hypertension, 50% (n=13) hypercholesterolemia and 46.15 (n=12) hypertriglyceridemia. The ERG analysis revealed that 30.77% (n=8) had intermediate risk and 69.23% (n=18) had high risk. Conclusion: These results indicate the urgency of preventive interventions and integrated management of health conditions, highlighting the need to promote healthy habits and monitor coexisting conditions.