Alterações laboratoriais na anemia hemolítica imunomediada não associada em cão : relato de caso

Abstract

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a common autoimmune disorder in dogs, marked by premature destruction of red blood cells by antibodies, resulting in severe anemia. Although challenging to diagnose, distinguishing IMHA from other anemia causes is crucial for determining prognosis and appropriate treatment. IMHA may occur alone or in association with other conditions, such as infections or neoplasms. Clinical signs are generally nonspecific, necessitating complementary tests like complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and autoagglutination tests. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes of anemia and identifying signs of hemolysis and antibody presence on red blood cells, confirmed by autoagglutination, Coombs test, or flow cytometry. This study reports a case of regenerative IMHA in a female dog treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the condition progressed unfavorably, culminating in death. This report underscores the importance of continuous laboratory monitoring due to the high risks of thromboembolic complications and the condition’s high mortality rate. Analysis of observed laboratory alterations in this case contributes to refining diagnostic and treatment approaches for IMHA in veterinary practice, highlighting the need for a rigorous approach to improve patient prognosis.