Aspectos da arborização urbana : uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Urban tree planting plays a crucial role in improving quality of life and maintaining environmental balance in cities. The careful selection of tree species, based on their intrinsic properties such as wood density, resistance, and natural durability, is essential for ensuring the longevity and effectiveness of tree structures. This study aimed to survey the species used in urban tree planting in Brazil and identify the main wood-degrading agents of tree species. Through an exploratory and comparative bibliographic review, the study sought to establish selection criteria that promote the choice of species suitable for the Brazilian urban context. The results reveal a high diversity of species, with significant variations in the number of species (ranging from 12 to 159) and individuals recorded (from 77 to 11,787) across the cities analyzed. A total of 52 species were recorded in the studies reviewed, with the most abundant being Licania tomentosa/Moquilea tomentosa (22.5%), Azadirachta indica (17.5%), and Ficus benjamina (12.5%). The study highlights the importance of factors such as resistance to pests and diseases, climate adaptability, root system, tree size and crown shape, longevity, and maintenance costs in species selection. It concludes that the biological resistance of wood is crucial for the sustainability and cost reduction of urban tree planting, emphasizing the need for future research and detailed inventories to optimize species selection.