Sensibilidade hepática e muscular à insulina e as repercussões sobre o perfil de glicose e de lipídios séricos em ratas prenhes submetidas à restrição proteica na vida intrauterina e na lactação e recuperadas após o desmame

Abstract

Normal pregnancy is classically described as a state of insulin resistance accompanied by alterations in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in order to attend the nutritional needs of the fetus. On the other hand, protein restriction at critical stages of development has been associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and dyslipidemias in adult life. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the hepatic and muscular insulin sensitivity and the repercussions on serum glucose and lipid profile in pregnant rats exposed to protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation and recovered after weaning. Adult rats, pregnant and non-pregnant, were submitted to a normoprotein (17% protein) or hypoprotein (6% protein) diet since fetal life until adulthood or were submitted to a restriction protein in fetal and neonatal life and recovered after weaning. Hepatic ISI was higher in the recovered groups than in the hypoproteic and control groups. Pregnancy increased hepatic ISI, and decreased muscle ISI independent of nutritional status. Fasting glycemia was higher in the recovered groups than in the hypoproteic groups. These groups showed fasting glycemia higher than the control. In pregnant rats, glycemia and fasting insulinemia were higher than non-pregnant rats. In the fed state, glycemia was lower and insulinemia was higher in pregnant groups, compared to non-pregnant groups, independent of nutritional status. Rats from the recovered groups presented an area under the glucose curve higher in relation to the rats of the hypoproteic and control groups, regardless of the physiological state. The pregnant recovered group had an increase in HDL and unchanged concentration of tracilglycerol as well as the TG / HDL and CT / HDL ratios compared to the non-pregnant recovered group. On the other hand, the control group exhibited an increased in the concentration of triacylglycerol and VLDL, decreasing in the concentration of HDL, and, consequently, the categories TG / HDL and CT / HDL. The total cholesterol concentration was increased in the pregnant groups indistinctly. Thus, the results indicate that rats recovered from malnutrition in the early stages are protected from the typical atherogenic profile of normal pregnancy, this protection being independent of the action of insulin.