Efeito da abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com carboidrato nas sensações hedônicas e sintomas gastrintestinais

Abstract

The abbreviation of preoperative fasting in patients’ candidates for elective operations is associated with shorter hospitalization time and a decrease in postoperative complications. Since human eating behavior is multi-factorial, changes in the patient's hedonic sensations may alter the post-surgical food intake, interfering with the patient's recovery. Objective: To evaluate the effect of abbreviation of preoperative fasting with the ingestion of liquid formula containing maltodextrin in the development of gastrointestinal symptoms and hedonic sensations in the postoperative period. Methods: patients from September 2017 to June 2018 who were candidates for fasting abbreviation surgery and were given maltodextrin, at University Hospital, Julio Muller (HUJM from Portuguese), were evaluated. All participating patients followed the routine of the HUJM Clinical Nutrition Service: ingestion of 400 ml and 200 ml of clear, fluid drink containing 12.5% maltodextrin prior to the surgery. The patients were evaluated in the preoperative and postoperative period. Results: A total of 42 patients were evaluated, but only 22 patients hospitalized at the HUJM Surgery Clinic concluded the two phases, showing an increase in the variables that evaluated gastrointestinal symptoms such as hunger (p = 0.001), thirst (p = 0.006) and weakness (p = 0.009) and in the variables that studied hedonic sensations, the results indicate an increase in the desire to eat salty food (p = 0.000), to eat protein (p = 0.003) and a decrease in the sensation of being full (p = 0.008), satisfied (p = 0.000) and desire of these patients (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The preoperative fasting abbreviation brings more comfort to the patient, reducing gastrointestinal intercurrences such as thirst, weakness, hunger, nausea, and emesis, and pointed to changes in the hedonic sensations of patients, such as an increase in the desire to consume salty food, to consume protein and decrease in the feeling of being full, satisfied and other desires.