Sanidade de grãos de milho em função de material genético ou fungicidas foliares

Abstract

Diseases that occur in corn crops can cause great losses to farmers and consumers of its product and derivatives. So, was evaluated the sanity of maize grains in different genetic materials or due to the application of foliar fungicides. The grains used were obtained from the crop of 2014/2015 on farms of Sinop and Sorriso, State of Mato Grosso. For this, grain samples were collected from hybrids P3630H, 30F53YH, P2830H, and P3844H and grain samples submitted to foliar fungicide application (Abacus® HC, Opera®, Ativum, Priori ®Xtra, Aprouch®, Nativo®, Elatus ™, Fox®, UNIZEB GOLD e Orkestra™) in different application periods (an application in tractor limit, another in sequence in the pre-tassels and an another in the pre-tassels). The standard test ("Blotter Test") allowed noticing the incidence of Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Scott- Knott test at 5% probability. In the treatments with foliar fungicides, the genus with the highest incidence was Penicillium sp. (81.7%), followed by Fusarium sp. (74.5%) and Aspergillus sp. (2.47%). The more resistant treatment to fungi Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp was T5-Aprouch® + Nimbus with two applications (in the tractor limit and pre -tassels). The most susceptible treatment to Fusarium sp. T-14 was Fox® Aureo® + (100%) and the more susceptible to Penicillium sp. were T2-Opera® + Assist® and T9-Ativum + Assist® both with an incidence of 93%. In treatments with the resistant genetic material the genus with the highest incidence was Penicillium sp. (82%), followed by Fusarium sp. (68.75%) and Aspergillus sp. (15.25%). The hybrid with the lower incidence of Fusarium sp. was P2830H (59%). The hybrid with greater resistance to Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. was P3844H (5 and 55%). The most susceptible hybrid to pathogens Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. was 30F53YH (37, 79 and 94%). For the better sanitary quality of grains, based on the observed data, it is recommended to use the Aprouch® fungicide (applications in tractor limit and pre -tassels) and the hybrid P2830H.