Distorção da imagem corporal e estado nutricional, em adolescentes de um Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Adolescents have an idealized body in their mind, and the more this body distances itself from the real, the greater the chances of conflict and the consequent loss of self-esteem and social development. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and verify the association with the nutritional status of adolescents. Cross-sectional study, with adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years, enrolled in a Federal Institute of Mato Grosso. To evaluate body image dissatisfaction, it was used by the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34). Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and body composition with bioimpedance. Also, blood pressure was measured using the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. The analyzes were carried out by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0. The Levene test was used to verify the distribution of the data and the paired Student t test to verify the comparison of means between the sexes. The ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test, was used to evaluate the variables according to the degree of distortion. The level of significance was set at p <0.0. We evaluated 242 adolescents, being x female and y male. Of these, 70% presented no distortion of body image and 30% presented degrees of classification between mild and severe. In relation to the anthropometric, body composition and clinical data, the boys presented stature, BMI, lean muscle mass (%), hydration (%), bone (%) and energy expenditure at rest significantly higher when compared to girls. On the other hand, girls presented a higher percentage of body fat with a desirable weight significantly lower than the boys wanted. It is concluded that body dissatisfaction is a reality in the adolescent's life, along with the morphological changes characteristic of adolescence itself, gender and nutritional status, which may be conditions associated with depreciation of body image.