Desempenho agronômico da beterraba cultivada em diferentes coberturas do solo e lâminas de irrigação

Abstract

The beet is a typical vegetable of temperate climate, where the biggest concentrated of your production in Brazil find yourself in regions south and southeast, having big limitations of productions in regions with the conditions climate like the ones in the north of the state of Mato Grosso. With the intuit of generating conditions propotious cultivation the production of this culture the objective of this work was to evaluate the production of beet "Early Wonder Tall Top" under different soil cover and blades of irrigation during the dry season in North region of the state of Mato Grosso. The experiment was conducted in the plant production sector, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), university campus of Sinop. The treatments were arranged in a subdivided parcel scheme, as part of the 4 irrigation slides -100%, 80%, 60% and 40% of the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc). 2,5 kg.m-2 of crotalaria(C), 2,5 kg.m-2 of millet (M) and uncovered control (SC). A completely randomized design was used, with three replicates and each replicate represented by one plant. To evaluate the development of the crop, destructive samples were taken, which occurred at 23, 41 and 63 days after transplantation (DAT), obtaining the following variables: leaf area by direct and indirect methods; length and diameter of the tuberous root; fresh and dry leaf mass, tuberous root, total and productivity. Post-harvest analysis of pH, SST and ATT was carried out. The leaf area data showed that the indirect method, estimated by the length and width of the leaf blade (CxL), showed a close relationship and linearity with the right method, obtained through the integrator of the leaf area, for all treatments. At 64 days after transplantation (DAT), adjustments with R² value = 0.99 were considered, with good accuracy and significance. At the end of the experiment, the 64 DAT, it was possible to verify that, under cultivation conditions with soil cover, be it millet or crotalaria, the highest average values of the analyzed variables, when compared to the discovered soil, independent of the irrigation slides. For the variables length and diameter of the tuberous root, leaf area, fresh and dry mass of leaves, tuberous root and total, it was observed that the irrigation slides had a direct influence on the development of the plant, standing out with better performance at beetroot cultivated under straw of crotalaria, with no significant differences for the slides of 80 or 100% of ETc. There was no significant difference for the post-harvest data. For productivity, the highest values were verified using crotalaria straw and the 80% of ETc blade obtained yield of 59.09 ton.ha-1. Thus, it is concluded that it is possible to improve the effectiveness of beet production in the dry season in the northern region of Mato Grosso and to reduce the use of water in the field, especially using crotalaria straw and the 80% of Etc.