Estomia de eliminação intestinal : dois lados de uma mesma história

Abstract

The intestinal stoma is a surgical intervention performed on a segment of the intestine, which may be temporary or permanent. Its function is to change the normal route of the stool, causing them to be eliminated by a collection bag that is fixed around the stoma in the abdomen. This procedure entails physical and psychic changes that can interfere with your relationships and activities. It is very common that the stomized look for ways to overcome and face this new condition of life, for this they have networks of support and among them stands out the family relations, since it is the first social group that the stomized has access. There is no single definition of the family, which is what a person considers as such, and can be formed by all the relatives of the person, especially those who live with it. In this context, the present study had as general objective to analyze the perception of patients and their relatives in relation to the condition of definitive intestinal stomization. For this, an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out. The subjects of the study were four patients with intestinal elimination stomies, who underwent treatment for a minimum period of five months at the Specialized Center for Rehabilitation (CER) II in the municipality of Sinop-MT, and a relative indicated by the same. The data collection was performed at the place chosen by the participants through a semi-structured interview, which was recorded and later transcribed so that the data were analyzed by the technique of content analysis, thematic modality. From this analysis, five thematic categories appeared, being: 1) The impact of the new condition of life; 2) Strategies of personal and family coping; 3) The stomety in the context of the family; 4) Network of professional support to the family nucleus; and 5) Knowledge and its relation with quality of life. The experience of this process is always permeated by difficulties, especially due to changes in self -image, social life and living habits, although it is also the only way to keep the person alive, even if few people demonstrate this recognition. The main coping strategies used by the participants are conformism, spirituality, the search for knowledge and the support of the family. Part of this suffering is caused by the lack of knowledge that is directly linked to the quality of life of the whole family. The professional support network proved to be precarious, although there was a municipal department that was designed to serve this public. In view of this, it can be concluded that professional care should be improved in the municipality, in the pre, intra and postoperative processes, as well as in rehabilitation, especially through group activities, both for patients and their families so that offer care holistically.