Arboviroses emergentes no município de Sinop-MT : pesquisa de vetores

Abstract

Arboviruses are important illness caused by arthropod-borne viruses, kept in natural cycles between vertebrate hosts and hematophagous vectors. In Brazil, arbovirus have a wide distribution covering all regions, but Amazon region is the largest arboviruses reservoir in the world. The municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso state, is located in the Amazon Basin and has large areas of deforestation, caused by accelerated urbanization and agriculture, as well as areas of preservation in the middle of the town, which increases interaction between arboviruses vectors and human population. This study aimed to investigate arbovirus in vectors in order to evaluate the potential emergence of arboviruses in urban areas in the municipality of Sinop. A total of 778, sorted into 152 pools, was tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay and viral isolation. A total of 16 pools was detected with the following arboviruses Dengue 1 and 2, Saint Louis encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Mayaro and Orthobunyavirus, with minimum infection rate between 1.3 and 5.1 per 1000 mosquitoes. Virus isolation did not recover virus particles in any sample. The mosquitoes found with arbovirus include Aedeomyia (Ady.) squamipennis, Culex (Cux.) declarator, Cx. (Cux.) nigripalpus, Ochleotatus. (Och.) scapularis, Cx. (Mel.) section Melanoconion e Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus. Among these species, six are known to be vectors of arboviruses such as Saint Louis Encephalitis, West Nile, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and Oropouche. Because of anthropization several arbovirus vectors become synanthropic, and as result, arboviruses infections are easily disseminated in urban areas. The data obtained from this study demonstrate the importance of arbovirus research in vectors, offering essential information for planning control measures in order to avoid the emergence of zoonoses and dissemination of these in the population.