Acúmulo e decomposição de fitomassa por culturas graníferas e de cobertura em Mato Grosso

Abstract

The production of phytomass by cover crops that allows nutrient release, soil protection and diversity of soil microorganisms improves soybean yield. Therefore, the research evaluated the phytomass accumulation of grain and cover crops in flowering and senescence during the second crop and crop decomposition and its effects on soybean yield. The experiment was conducted during 2017/18, being the fourth year of conduction at the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Rondonópolis - MT in Dystrophic Red Latosol, with a randomized block design, with nine treatments and four replications. Fallow NoTillage (PD); S2: Conventional Planting Fallow (PC); S3: Crotalaria spectabilis; S4: corn+C. spectabilis; S5: Pennisetum glaucum; S6: Urochloa ruziziensis; S7: sunflower+U. ruziziensis; S8: Cajanus cajan;; S9: Corn + U. ruziziensis. The results related to the area of cover crops and soybean were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, in the qualitative data we used the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability using the SISVAR software. Already the quantitative data were adjusted in equations, with the aid of the software SIGMA PLOT 10.0. The systems U. ruziziensis, Maize + C. spectabilis and Maize + U. ruziziensis have a longer half-life, with longer permanence of the phytomass in the system. The production systems C. spectabilis, Corn + C. spectabilis, P. glaucum, U. ruziziensis, Sunflower + U. ruziziensis, and Corn + U. ruziziensis indicate increased soybean yield. Urochloa ruziziensis is indicated for higher phytomass accumulation, with higher decomposition rates and resulted in higher soybean yield, so it stood out in all evaluated variables.