Sentimentos vivenciados pelas mulheres em relação ao exame citopatológico do colo do útero em uma unidade básica de saúde no município de Sinop-MT

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a public health problem in Brazil, with an estimated 530,000 new cases worldwide, being the third type of malignant neoplasm that affects the female population, causing 274,000 deaths per year. It is a disease of slow and asymptomatic evolution, presenting a high potential of prevention and cure if detected early. The main risk factor for the development of cancer is HPV16 and HPV18 infection. The Ministry of Health recommends the examination of Oncology Colpocitology (OCT) for the screening of cervical cancer in women aged 25 to 56 years, the repetition of the examination should be every three years, after two subsequent normal exams performed with interval Year. In this scenario, the objective of this study was to analyze the feelings experienced by the women during the reception and cytopathological examination of the cervix in a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in the municipality of Sinop-MT. In order to reach the objectives, a qualitative research was carried out, with a descriptive and exploratory approach, in which the subjects were seven women between 18-65 years old who underwent the CCO exam in the selected UBS. Data collection was done through an interview, guided by a semi - structured script, which was recorded and later transcribed for data analysis, which was based on the thematic content analysis technique. The categories of empirical analysis that guided the analysis were: negative feelings regarding the accomplishment of the CCO examination; Knowledge about the CCO examination; Motivating factors for the CCO exam; Professional and patient relationship; Disclosure of the examination at UBS. The results showed little knowledge of women about cervical cancer and also the importance of performing the exam annually, looking for UBS only in the presence of signs and symptoms and when requested by the nurse or doctor. The main feelings pointed out by the interviewees were shame, fear and discomfort due to exposure of the body and concern about a possible diagnosis of cancer. The women's lack of knowledge about the CCO was clear, where they only associate the examination with the discovery of a diagnosis of cancer and not as a form of prevention and early treatment. The main motivating factor for the examination was the presence of the signs and symptoms and the request of the examination by the health professional. Already the lack of time due to work was the main factor cited for not performing the exam. The interviewees demonstrate a preference for female professionals because of the feelings of shame about exposing the body. It was possible to notice a failure of the nursing professionals about the guidelines on the accomplishment of the examination, where only the preparation for the CCO exam is approached during the consultations, most interviewees classify the host as good because they do not feel constrained during the collect. The study points out a flaw in the disclosure of the exam for the female population, where there are reports that only in the October pink and November blue campaign periods are highlighted. The results indicate that the multidisciplinary team of the UBS must unite and create strategies and educational actions to stimulate the female population to talk about the subject and conduct the examination periodically.