Vulnerabilidade ao nascer : um estudo de prevalência e fatores associados à asfixia perinatal em recém-nascidos da mesorregião Norte do estado de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Complications during pregnancy, labor and birth, often result in perinatal asphyxia, which is a major cause of perinatal mortality. In Brazil, the Information System from Live Births (SINASC) contains records of maternal socio-demographic data, pregnancy, childbirth and the newborn, including the Apgar score. Low Apgar scores indicate perinatal asphyxia. Taking in account the availability of data of Apgar score in SINASC we estimated the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and identified factors associated with asphyxiain the first and fifth minutes of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted with records of live births who resided in the North mesoregion of Mato Grosso during 2001-2014. Perinatal asphyxia was defined as an Apgar score <7 in the first and fifth minutes of life. Only records of live births with the variable "Apgar" filled were considered in the analysis. The prevalence was calculated as number of newborns classified with asphyxia divided by the total of newborns included in the study (x 100). Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated to identify the factors associated with perinatal asphyxia. The chi-square test was used and p values <0.05 as considered statistically significant. We analyzed a total of 211,221 records of children born with record of Apgar for the first and fifth minutes of life. The prevalence of asphyxia in the first minute of life was 6.3% and 1.2% in the fifth minute, corresponding to 19.6% of children with asphyxia in the first and fifth minutes of life. The factors associated with the presence of asphyxia in the perinatal period (first and fifth minutes of life) were birth weight, prematurity, male gender, race (black, mullatos and yellow), maternal age ≤19 years and ≥35 years, maternal education <12 years of study, the few number of prenatal visits, and not living with a partner. Associated factors identified in the study may contribute to the prevention of perinatal asphyxia and reducing its prevalence. Further studies with a focus on pre-natal care and delivery have been conducted in order to broaden the body of knowledge on the birth in the mesoregion of Mato Grosso. The associated factors identified in the study may contribute to the prevention of perinatal asphyxia and reducing its prevalence. It is suggested that future studies are conducted with a focus on prenatal care and delivery in order to expand the body of knowledge about the birth of childrenin the middle region North of Mato Grosso.