Tendência da prevalência de prematuridade neonatal em Mato Grosso : uma série histórica de 17 anos

Abstract

Preterm birth is defined as any birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Premature infants are more likely to develop several pathologies and complications due to the immaturity of their organic systems, it is being the major cause of neonatal mortality. Consequently, some premature infants need a greater complexity of health care, since the care of a qualified multidisciplinary team, the number of medical supplies and a physical structure with enough resources to attend them. A premature birth has a great impact on the children and their family and economic and social burden. Objective: To analyze the trends for preterm birth in Mato Grosso and in the health macro-regions of the State over 17-year period. Methodology: We conducted a population-based time-series study using births records, for residents in Mato Grosso between 2001 and 2017. Data were obtained from the Live Birth Information System. Annual rates of preterm birth was adjusted by birth weight according to 100 g birth weight categories and sex. The adjusted prevalence rates for the preterm births and by sex and by health macro-region were included as independent variables in the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model and the year of birth the dependent variable. Annual variations were considered as stable, upward, or downward by analysis of the coefficient of the regression model, 95% confidence interval and level of significance (p<0.05). We used Stata v.12 software for data management and analysis. Ethics approval was not required for this study. Results: 869,732 live birth records were analyzed. The rates of the preterm births ranged from 10.3% in 2001 to 10.9% in 2017, with a positive annual increase of 0.07% (95%CI: 0.06-0.08%, p =). The trends of the rates increased also for males preterm births 0.07% (IC 95%: 0.05–0.08%, p=0.000) and female 0.06% (IC 95%: 0.04–0.07%, p=0.000), but the prevalence was higher in males (51.3%). There was an upward trend in the macroregions North (0.11%, 95%CI: 0.08-0.14%, p =0.000), South (0.06%, 95%CI: 0.04- 0.08%, p =0.000) and Center-North (0.05%, 95%CI: 0.03-0.07%, p =0.000). West and East macro-regions showed stable trends. Conclusion: The study shows the epidemiology of preterm births in the State and highlighting the upward trends of the annual rate of preterm births in Mato Grosso and in three of its health macro-regions. The results must be considered by managers and health professionals of the State when developing action plans to prevent preterm births.