Elaboração de guia para assistência de enfermagem nas complicações do estoma de eliminação intestinal no setor de clínica cirúrgica

Abstract

Stomas of intestinal elimination consists of the exteriorization of a loop portion of the small intestine or large intestine to promote the elimination of the effluent, in situations in which the organ in question is unable to perform its function properly, as in abdominal traumas, intestinal inflammatory diseases and neoplasms, highlighting colorectal cancer as its main cause. In general, the nurse who works at the hospital sector of surgical clinic makes the first contact with the person who will be submitted to stoma procedure, both on preoperative and postoperative stages, being the main responsible for orienting the patient, cares, prevention and treatment from stoma complications. These actions require specialized knowledge and specific skills aiming the care quality, which often is not achieved during the academic education of nurses, which, in general, is restricted to theory and approaches this topic in a little specific way. Objectives: To perform a literature review on nursing care about elimination stoma complications and to develop a guide for nursing care for patients suffering from intestinal elimination stoma at surgical clinics. Methods: Methodological research carried out to build informative material from a literature review, through the Virtual Health Library and books of this area, being selected the most cited complications which were found on this selected literature. Results: After the literature review, a 14-pages guide was constructed, containing general cares, guidelines for stoma demarcating and the recording of 13 complications approaching the visible signs, main causes and nursing interventions, in addition to images. Conclusion: It was possible to note a shortage in the production of studies on this topic, specifically in Brazil, demonstrating an important gap and suggesting new researches. The use of validated educational materials helps general practitioners at the identification, prevention and treatment of complications related to the stoma elimination.