Arquitetura flexível: desafios e perspectivas a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Flexibility in architecture is fundamental for buildings due to the continuous changes that are always present in life and also to the inner desire of human beings for innovations in their living spaces. And it was through the modernist movement, in the twentieth century, that great professionals of that time developed several techniques of flexibility in projects to apply in their works, ensuring a better quality for the buildings. Within this context, through the deductive method and basic, qualitative, descriptive, and bibliographic research, the aim was to discuss flexibility in architectural design, enunciating its challenges and perspectives in contemporary times. Thus, 37 articles and academic papers published during the period from 2012 to 2022 were systematized. After going through the screening and selection process, then the reading and data collection, we presented graphs and tables showing the results related to the areas of study, theoretical focus and method of study contained in each publication. The main challenges and perspectives regarding the insertion of flexibility in projects were also presented. To this end, a standard floor plan model of an apartment was used, taking into account that from this model two floor plan models were developed to demonstrate how flexibility aspects can be inserted into projects. The first model presents a spatial organization that meets the couple's needs, while the second model brings a new idea on how to adapt the environments and understand the spaces, since two more children will be included in this house. The insertion of flexible elements into the projects has resulted in an increase in the useful life of the dwelling, since these allow for easy modifications for the dweller. Even so, there are still obstacles to insert these elements in the dwellings, often due to lack of technical knowledge on the part of professionals, cultural issues in Brazil, and others. Thus, we conclude that the path to follow for greater dissemination of knowledge about the incorporation of flexibility in architectural projects is still challenging, and greater technical knowledge by architects and civil engineers is necessary.