Teorias cognitivistas da linguagem: um estudo bibliográfico

Abstract

This research has as aim to present the analysis of four Theories Cognitivist of Language, presenting their distinctions and similarities (perspectives) in relation to the conception of language, the phenomenon/object of analysis, the concept/definition of the specialty, the methodology and the main authors. Four Theories Cognitivist of Language were analyzed: Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Mental Space Theory, Constructions Grammar Theory and Usage-based Linguistics, and elaborated a comparative picture of these theories. The methodological aspects of this research are classified as follows: regarding the use of the results, basic, since it aims to advance knowledge, in the case of exploratory research; as for the nature of the method, qualitative; as for the purposes, descriptive study, as it only aims to describe reality, without interfering with it; and as for the means, bibliographic research. The analysis of bibliographic data was carried out in May 2022 and consisted of selecting references which discussed about the four theories. The main theorists underlie the discussions are: Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Langacker (2008, 2009), Abreu (2010), Bybee (2010) Ferrari (2011), and Neves (2018). The initial criteria supported the analysis are: (i) the conception of language will support all theories will be language as a process of social interaction, which relates language to social relations; and (ii) linguistic phenomena will be related to mind/cognition, in the process of analysis. These criteria were confirmed, as explained below. After elaborating the comparative table, was found Functional Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics seek to study the language in use, in the interrelation of the analysis of linguistic expressions and the use from its function integrating the experience, the perception and the conceptualization of the world, involving cognitive aspects. The four theories are complementary and the analysis proposed in this research showed that, although these theories are integrated and related, is possible to identify their particularities. The importance of this research is the identification of distinctions and similarities (perspectives) of Theories Cognitivist of Language, being a complex and relevant task in the area of Language Science.