Extração Mineral Ilegal e Permissão de Lavra Garimpeira: Uma discussão sobre a Legalidade dos Garimpos

Abstract

In Brazil, mineral extraction that is not regularized and that works in a disorderly way in the territory is often confused with mining. “Garimpo”, illegal mining and permission to mine gold are different concepts, but currently there is little bibliography that clarifies the difference. To clarify these concepts, this work will present a literature review on the subject. For this, a search was carried out in repositories of national and international scientific articles in search of works on the legislation for gold mining, illegal mineral extraction, and permission for gold mining. In the course of the work, the historical context of the term mining was exposed, the difference between illegal mining and gold mining and the procedures for requesting gold mining with the National Mining Agency. It was concluded that the term “garimpo” is widely used in scientific articles to refer to illegal mining, even those that do not have artisanal mining characteristics and are largely mechanized. When mining is not legal, it can generate impacts on the environment and society, due to the lack of any control over the enterprise. In this work, we highlight the advantages of gold mining compared to illegal mineral extraction. “Garimpeiros” authorized by the National Mining Agency are legalized mining ventures that must comply with environmental and fiscal regulations in the Brazilian territory.