Imigração qualificada no Brasil : um estudo a partir dos retornos a educação entre 2016 e 2019

Abstract

Migration makes it possible to add the supply of labor, for different qualifications, in view of the emigrant's decision to improve their human capital and/or increase their usefulness. Directly linked to local development, addressing the issue of migration in this work aims to understand the entry of immigrants according to the level of education in Brazil, between 2016 and 2019, taking the relative wages at home. For this, the neoclassical perspective of international migration is used, with a macroeconomic view, based on geographic differences in the demand and supply of labor. Resulting from this theory, the effect of migration results in losses (brain drain) and gains (brain gain), which justify the proposed analysis. To assess the ability to “import” individuals, an analysis is performed using a return to education model and calculating the average productivity of residents, through a proxy. The results obtained show that the average years of study and the participation of the population with higher education have increased, however, the returns to education have decreased. According to neoclassical theory, low participation, partnered with high returns (relative to other levels of education), attract well-qualified immigrants to the country, in search of better wages and living conditions.