Desempenho operacional e energético de diferentes operações para preparo de solo no município de Sinop-MT

Abstract

The work aimed to evaluate the performance of a 77.2 kW (105 hp) agricultural tractor with six soil preparation implements, namely: 14x28, 16x30 disc harrows and 28x20 leveler, a 5 tine subsoiler (performing scarification operation), a 4-disc plow, and a 3-share plow. The study was conducted in clayey soil on the UFMT Sinop/MT Campus, next to the Laboratory of Precision Agriculture and Agricultural Mechanization (LAPMec). A strip scheme with 3 repetitions was used for different gears and engine speeds, where several parameters were evaluated, with traction demand, operational capacity and fuel consumption being the main ones. Inferior performance was obtained with plows, results that directly interfered with greater fuel consumption that ranged from 15.5 to 22.5 L ha-1. The average operational capacity with leveling harrow, 14x28 harrow, 16x30 harrow and subsoiler (scarifying) was respectively; 1.18; 0.80; 1.10; and 0.79 ha h-1, with average consumption of 7.0; 13.3; 10.8 and 15 L ha-1. In most operations, fuel savings were observed in higher speed axes, and this reduction was also observed where lower engine speeds were used. When comparing all the preparations carried out, it is recommended to use soil preparation with rod equipment, considering good effectiveness in decompacting the soil without excess energy expenditure in the operation up to 30 cm deep and even with greater soil and water conservation due to maintaining straw on the surface.