Proposição de métricas ESG para mitigação dos riscos associados a rigidez locacional na mineração

Abstract

Analyzing EIA/RIMAs projects aiming to identify actions and initiatives that can be characterized within the ESG perspective, proposing improvements for implementation in future mining ventures in Brazil. Mining is a crucial activity for various industries, providing essential resources to society. However, it faces significant challenges, especially related to installation conflicts due to resistance from local communities. This study analyzes Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Impact Report (EIA/RIMA) projects in the context of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), aiming to propose improvements for future mining ventures in Brazil. By utilizing environmental licensing data available on the IBAMA Portal, 26 licensed projects between 1994 and 2022 were identified. A critical analysis revealed gaps in existing programs, especially in the socioeconomic category, essential for mitigating social impacts and strengthening community relationships. Opportunities for improvement were identified in existing proposals, such as proposing new actions. By adopting an ESG-centered approach, companies in the mining sector can build trust with local communities, driving sustainable development and promoting the well-being of impacted populations. These initiatives aim to balance mining activity with environmental preservation and social development, ensuring a more sustainable and collaborative future for all involved. The method adopted consists of three distinct steps: (i) data identification; (ii) conceptual analysis and interpretation of data; and (iii) formulation of improvement proposals. Thus, as a data source for this study, environmental licensing data from mining ventures conducted at the federal level were used. This choice is justified by the fact that, at the state level, many states do not make their data publicly available or provide access only physically. Environmental licensing projects consolidate all the information from the venture and include control proposals aimed at mitigating the impacts of the activity, making them a comprehensive and relevant source for the analysis proposed in this study. Therefore, through access to the IBAMA Portal, research was conducted, identifying a total of 26 federally licensed ventures throughout the entire historical series, covering the period from 1994 to 2022. The next step involved the conceptual review of ESG and environmental licensing concepts in Brazil, followed by the interpretation of data present in the EIA/RIMAS projects of each venture, aiming to identify proposals and programs that characterize as ESG. Subsequently, a critical analysis of existing programs was conducted, proposing relevant improvements based on the interpretation performed.