Biodegradação microbiana de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos : uma revisão

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are, by definition, binary compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen, their structure consists of at least 2 aromatic rings of 5 or 6 carbon atoms, condensed. PAHs are organic pollutants of high environmental persistence (POP), so it has become a major concern when HAPs are present in the environment, they are associated with the increased incidence of various types of cancers in man, because of their mutagenic properties And carcinogenic. The objective of this work and the quantitative study of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon microbial biodegradation, by its ubiquities, have become a potential threat, both for human and animal health. Contamination of these HPAs caused by inhalation may be directly related to urbanization, due to industrialization in urban areas and traffic of motor vehicles, especially diesel engines. Already indoors, the most common and cigarette smoke and heating sources that can also contribute to the increase of environmental levels in relation to PAHs. The degradation capacity of HPAs and their derivatives has been presented by several microbial genera, mainly bacteria, fungi and yeasts; However, cyanobacteria, algae, and even some protozoa also have this capability. These microorganisms can be found in soil, in marine and freshwater environments. After reviewing some scientific literature, it can be noted the environmental importance that PAHs have had in the environment, and how they have been established and accepted by the scientific community. In addition to understanding the importance of using microorganisms as a biotechnological tool for the remediation techniques of contaminated areas and in the most diverse types of waste.