Concentração do hormônio triiodotironina (T3) no colostro de mães hiperglicêmicas

Abstract

Diabetes is a set of metabolic conditions that includes different classifications, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), as well as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which arises during pregnancy due to insulin resistance. Population surveys have revealed a wide range in the prevalence of gestational diabetes, varying from 1% to 37.7%, with a global average of approximately 16.2%. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for the baby. However, women with insulin resistance may face obstacles in this process. Thyroid function can be affected during pregnancy, affecting glucose metabolism and fetal development. The relationship between thyroid hormones and hyperglycemia in pregnancy is still not fully understood. The quantification of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in maternal colostrum and its transfer to the baby are important to ensure its well-being. This study aims to understand hormonal interactions in hyperglycemic environments, focusing on T3 levels in the colostrum of diabetic mothers. The collection followed strict ethical protocols, with informed consent and anonymity of the donors. The study involved 19 colostrum samples from female volunteers, divided into two groups: normoglycemic (with normal glucose levels, n = 9) and hyperglycemic (with high glucose levels, n = 10). The selection criteria included the absence of hepatitis, HIV or syphilis, and no dietary restrictions. Women with twin pregnancies or fetal malformations were excluded. Around 8 ml of colostrum was collected and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4°C and 160×g to separate the different parts: cells, supernatant and fat. T3 levels in human colostrum were analyzed using the immunoassay method (ELISA). The data obtained provides a starting point for future research, as there are no established parameters for this dosage. The preliminary results suggest that hyperglycemia may not substantially affect thyroid hormones, raising questions for future research. There were correlations between T3 levels, Body Mass Index (BMI) and mean glucose (MG) of colostrum in normal mothers, which were not observed in diabetic mothers. More research is needed to fully understand these relationships and their impact on maternal and infant health.