Impacto da correção de solo na população de Pratylenchus brachyurus e na produtividade da soja

Abstract

The central-western region of Brazil, which is mainly home to the state of Mato Grosso, is known as the largest producer of major crops, such as soybeans. However, it also has the presence of the phytonematoid Pratylenchus brachyurus, a species that represents a serious problem for soybean farming. The agricultural landscape of the cerrado, which promotes high yields, can be a favorable environment for the root lesion nematode, but this situation can be circumvented by correcting the soil through liming. With this in mind, the aim of was to assess the impact of liming on soybean productivity and the P. brachyurus population, after two years of cultivation. The study was developed from the experiment in the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 harvests, with six treatments with four replications, with application of different doses of lime recommended after soil analysis, being: Treatment 1 - dose 0, Treatment 2 - dose 2.69 t/ha, Treatment 3 - dose 5.39 t/ha, Treatment 4 - dose 8.08 t/ha, Treatment 5 - dose 10.78 t/ha and Treatment 6 - dose 21.56 t/ha. The pre-sowing limestone was incorporated into the surface of the soil in order to reach a depth of 0-20 cm and raise base saturation to 70%. Throughout the experiment, soil and root samples were taken at R5 of the soybean phenological stage, also at a depth of 0-20 cm, and nematological analysis was carried out in the laboratory using the Jenkins method for extracting nematodes from the soil and the Coolen and D'Herde method for extracting nematodes from the roots. Finally, by evaluating the results, it was considered that soil correction partially reduced the number of nematodes in the area and increased the productivity of the soybean crop, making it tolerant to the presence of the nematode.