Consórcios de segunda safra na qualidade química do solo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

Abstract

Brazilian agriculture, a global leader in grain production, has experienced significant expansion, particularly northward into the Amazon Biome. This agricultural expansion has caused considerable environmental impacts, necessitating sustainable management practices to balance agricultural development with environmental conservation. Crop-livestock integration (CLI) emerges as a promising practice aimed at improving soil sustainability and increasing productive efficiency while aligning with environmental requirements and enhancing nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of forage plant consortia in the second crop to promote nutrient cycling and improve soil chemical quality in crop-livestock integration systems in the Amazon biome region. The experiment was conducted at Santana farm, located in Sorriso/MT (12°22’37.6”S, 55°33’52.3”W). The data pertain to the first year of the study. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with six repetitions of second-crop consortium for CLI. The six CLI production systems, including the control from Santana Farm, consist of: (CLI1) Solo BRS Piatã grass (Control); (CLI2) BRS Piatã grass + Cowpea cv. BRS Tumucumaque; (CLI3) BRS Piatã grass + Sorghum cv. BRS 810; (CLI4) BRS Piatã grass + Forage radish; (CLI5) BRS Piatã grass + Pigeon Pea cv. IAPAR 43 + Buckwheat + Sunflower; (CLI6) BRS Piatã grass + Coracana grass + Pigeon Pea cv. IAPAR 43 + Stylo cv. BRS Bela + Buckwheat + Forage radish, established in a 2.2-hectare area (44m x 500m). The area was grazed for 80 days, with a total of 40 cows. The dry mass and nutrient content in the dry mass before soybean sowing were evaluated, and determinations were made for water pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), sulfur (S), organic matter (OM), and the values for potential acidity (H+Al), effective cation exchange capacity (t), cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0 (T), base saturation (V%), and aluminum saturation (m%). The results showed that the treatment with BRS Piatã grass + Forage radish (CLI4) was the most effective for nutrient cycling. Therefore, forage consortia promote nutrient input and good nutrient cycling.