Perfil epidemiológico da população masculina que vive com HIV/AIDS na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso

Abstract

Introduction: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which harms the immune system causing destruction of T-CD4+ lymphocytes, which are responsible for defending the body against diseases. In 1982, the term "risk group" emerged that was used to define a group more likely to HIV infection, however, the virus does not affect only a specific group, but individuals who are exposed to the risk of infection. For this reason, the term is replaced by "risk behaviors" that correspond to sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral) without the use of condoms, sharing sharp objects contaminated with blood or fluids, individuals who received blood transfusion before 1985, being born to an HIV-positive mother, who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. However, the male population is still the main group affected by HIV infection in Brazil, with a growing trend in recent years. Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of the male population living with HIV/AIDS in treatment/follow-up at the Specialized Infectious Diseases Care Service in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso. Methods: this is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, through the analysis of the medical records of active patients who were undergoing treatment and/or follow-up at the Specialized Infectious Diseases Care Service in Sinop/MT during the period from January 2018 to December 2021. Data collection happened through a semi-structured script, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee by opinion no. 5,423,587/2022. The data from the medical records were tabulated, analyzed and expressed by texts and graphs. Results: in total, 270 medical records of men who met the criteria established in this study were analyzed. It was found that the male population living with HIV/AIDS in treatment and/or follow-up at SAE in the city of Sinop has the following characteristics: young adults, aged between 21 and 30 years, single, homosexual, mixed race/color, with complete high school education, having as the main route of sexual transmission. Most are on antiretroviral drugs and viral load is undetectable, indicating good adherence to treatment and expected therapeutic response. There was an increase in the number of reported cases in the last year. Discussion: the basis of the discussion happened through the analysis of the number of reported cases, identification of the sociodemographic profile, type of contamination and laboratory analysis (CD4+ and viral load). Conclusion: the results found here help in understanding and design the epidemiological profile of the disease, contributing to decision-making and strategies developed after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to the situational diagnosis of the medical records of the researched unit. Some limitations for the development of the research are highlighted, such as the lack of completion of several fields of the AIDS compulsory notification forms at SINAN and the cover page of the medical records (used in the unit at issued), in addition to the lack of a well-detailed anamnesis and previous documents or medical records of patients who were transferred from other cities.