Qualidade de vida, Doença de Parkinson e Yoga : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that mainly affects the motor nervous system. Its symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, akinesia, among others, directly affect the quality of life and mental health of these patients in high levels. Aiming at new alternatives to help patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, yoga presents itself as a beneficial and scientifically proven practice in the treatment of other pathologies and in improving the quality of life of its practitioners. In this context, "What benefits does yoga practice have on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease?". Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze in the existing literature the effects of yoga practice on quality of life and symptomatology of patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: This is an integrative review of the literature, which aims to gather and analyze existing scientific articles on the subject. Data collection was performed in the following databases: VHL (Virtual Health Library), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed (National Library of Medicine), with the filter of articles from the last 5 years (2017 to 2022). The descriptors (DeCS) and (MeSH) used were: yoga, quality of life and Parkinson's disease in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Data collection happened in June 2022. Results and Discussion: The final sample consisted of 5 articles of level 2 of evidence. Three of these articles are part of the Medline database and two are found in PubMed. Both used yoga as an intervention to evaluate the improvement of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients. The results obtained demonstrate that this practice provides an improvement in motor and sensory function, as visualized in other studies that used yoga to assess motor symptoms, however, in relation to quality of life the results of the groups that underwent the intervention compared to the control group did not present significant difference, which differs from Slomski's study (2019), improvements in anxiety and depression of patients who undertook intervention. Conclusion: Through this study it is concluded that yoga is beneficial and helps in improving the motor symptoms of PD patients, however, more research is needed to evaluate non-motor symptoms with the intervention of yoga practice.