Prevalência do uso de psicofármacos como tratamento de transtornos mentais na atenção básica : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: There are several types of mental disorders with different presentations that have an important impact on the lives of affected individuals and their families. It is believed that there is an immoderate use of psychotropic drugs as a protagonist in the treatment of mental disorders in primary care. Objective: To verify whether there is a prevalence of the use of psychotropic drugs as the main form of treatment for mental disorders in primary health care, according to the literature. Methods: This is an Integrative Review, carried out by searching for articles in the databases: Virtual Health Library - BVS, LILACS, CAPES Periodicals, PubMed and Scielo. The search was mediated by the following Descriptors: Psychotropic Drugs, Primary Health Care and Mental Disorders in Portuguese and English [Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)]. To guide the study, we sought to answer the following question: “Does the use of psychotropic drugs prevail as the main form of treatment for mental disorders in primary care?”. Results and Discussion: After the selection and reading of the eight articles, the thematic analysis began, divided into "Prevalence of the use of psychotropic drugs in women", "Factors of the abusive use of psychotropic drugs", "Increased consumption of psychotropic drugs" and " Preparation of health professionals in relation to mental health in primary care”. Conclusion: Generally, care provided through psychotherapies, integrative practices and good health promotion practices, such as physical activities and social groups to strengthen bonds, create a support network and prevent these disorders, does not occur in primary care, mainly due to high demand for care, lack of specific training and the culture of the need for a quick solution, thus the drug appears as the only alternative. It is concluded that the psychopharmaceutical is of great importance for the treatment, as long as it is applied in line with other care techniques, so that the medication fights the symptoms and the therapies the multiple causes. It is worth emphasizing the importance of professional training focused on the use of psychotropic drugs, the responsibility for prescribing and administering them, and the need for guidance to users about all the risks and benefits of this treatment.