Parvovirose canina : revisão de literatura

Abstract

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious disease caused by canine parvovirus (CPV) that primarily affects puppies and young dogs. Characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, and severe dehydration, the disease has a high mortality rate, especially in untreated cases. Early diagnosis, combined with intensive supportive treatment, including fluid replacement, pain management, and control of secondary infections, is crucial to improving the survival chances of infected animals. Regular vaccination is the most effective preventive measure to reduce the incidence of parvovirus, although mutations in the virus can impact the immunity conferred by vaccines. Despite advances in veterinary medicine, resistance of the virus in the environment and the genetic variability of circulating strains continue to be significant challenges in controlling the disease. Therefore, preventive measures, such as adequate vaccination, rigorous hygiene, and isolation of infected animals, are essential to protect animal health. Adult dogs exposed to the virus rarely show clinical signs. Most cases occur in dogs under 6 months of age, with the most serious cases reported in puppies under 12 weeks of age, due to reduced immunity or lack of complete vaccination. Although currently available vaccines have helped control the spread of the disease, some vaccinated dogs can still contract the virus and, in severe cases, die.