Desmistificando os processos físico-químicos e impactos da energia nuclear

Abstract

Nuclear Energy evokes divergent opinions, being viewed both as an indispensable scientific advancement and as a threat, particularly due to its impact in major wars and the potential occurrence of nuclear accidents. This work aimed to clarify the fundamental principles of Nuclear Energy, its applications, and its societal impacts. To achieve this, key concepts such as atomic structure, radioactivity, radioactive decay, uranium enrichment, and nuclear fission and fusion were addressed – essential foundations for understanding this technology. Additionally, the operation of nuclear reactors in electricity generation and the challenges related to radioactive waste management were explained. Beyond electricity production and military use, Nuclear Energy has applications in diverse fields. In medicine, it enables radiotherapy for cancer treatment and the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics. In industry, nuclear techniques such as radiotracers help detect leaks and improve processes. In agriculture and environmental science, nuclear methods assist in pest control, soil analysis, and water resource management. Archaeology also benefits from this technology, particularly through Carbon-14 dating, which is crucial for studying fossils and historical artifacts. Thus, this study sought to demystify Nuclear Energy and its applications, highlighting its importance for scientific and technological progress.