Perfil epidemiológico da Leishmaniose Visceral no estado do Mato Grosso de 2018 a 2024

Abstract

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious, systemic disease with high lethality when left untreated. According to the Pan American Health Organization, in 2022, Brazil accounted for 92% of VL notifications among other American countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate Leishmaniasis cases and their sociodemographic profile in Mato Grosso. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that considers the presence of the disease and its aspects. The study population consisted of positive cases of VL in humans, notified in Mato Grosso between 2018 and 2024. For this, secondary data obtained from the Leishmaniasis Panel, launched in 2024 by the Ministry of Health, were used. The variables analyzed in the study include sex, age group, race/color and education, as well as case progression, co-infection with HIV and lethality. The analyzed data were organized in Microsoft Office Excel® spreadsheets. The analysis of the seven years showed that a total of 85 cases were reported, with the highest incidence in 2022 and 2023, together representing approximately 44% of all notifications in the observed periods, with an average number of cases for the entire period being 12.14 cases per year. The disease mainly affected males, brown people, aged 20 to 59 years, who represented 70.58% (n=85) of the cases and approximately 60% of the cases regarding education were “Not applicable” or “Blank”, representing a limitation in understanding the education level of the most affected group. In the analysis of municipalities that presented the highest number of cases, Rondonópolis, Várzea Grande and Barra do Garças stand out as the three cities with the highest concentration of cases. Regarding Leishmaniasis-HIV co-infection, the years 2022 and 2023 showed more expressive values, with 6 cases in each, together representing 57.14% of co infection cases. Cure occurred in most of the notifications (63.52%) and death due to VL (14.11%). Finally, it is concluded that VL in the state of Mato Grosso mainly affects men, brown race and of economically active age, with the “Sul-Mato-grossense” and “Garças Araguaia” Health Regions being the most affected. It is expected that the results of this case assessment, more surveillance and prevention measures will continue to be applied, reaching the most vulnerable group, so that the risk reduction of the disease remains in the following years.