Influência da poda apical no desenvolvimento e na produção de plantas de soja em diferentes densidades de semeio

Abstract

Soy (Glycine max (L.)), an important legume on the global market, plays an important role in Brazilian agriculture. Its protein-rich composition has been gaining space in the lower cost protein diet, aiming to replace animal meat for those who do not consume it. The production of soy, despite being high, still needs alternatives that aim to increase it, thus seeking to meet the population demand. There are conservationist managements that seek a sustainable production in order to achieve this, but it is necessary to improve the techniques to, in fact, produce more without opening new areas. The planting densification is already a reality in Brazilian crops that, by increasing or reducing the plant population, can leverage or delay production. And, in this work, the intention was to unite the density of planting with apical pruning, which consists in the removal of the apical meristem. Despite the practice being uncommon in major crops, it aims to improve, through physiology, the agronomic performance of soybeans. The experiment was conducted in DBC, with four treatments that varied according to their density, the first (control) with 9 plants/m, second 8 plants/m, third 6 plants/m and the fourth, 4 plants/m. Statistically, two variables of the study did not differ, being them the number of grains per pod and productivity, further analysis: number of twigs, weight of grains, PMG, number of pods had effect. For soybean TMG 2383, there was no increase in final yield, and the greatest effect on work was of densification rather than pruning.