Dieta ocidental e doença de Alzheimer : revisão sistemática de evidências pré-clínicas in vivo

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by an irreversible neurodegenerative process. Among the risk factors for AD, the Western diet (WD) has been associated with the development and exacerbation of AD-related biomarkers. Objective: To analyze the preclinical in vivo evidence on the possible effects of the Western diet on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: This is a systematic review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases consulted were Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, using the descriptors “Western Diet”, “Alzheimer” and “Alzheimer's Disease”. Preclinical studies published in the years 2014 and 2024, which investigated the relationship between the Western diet and the risk of developing AD, were selected. The stages of interest included metabolic syndrome (MS), AD biomarkers and cognitive impairment. Results: Five studies were selected, all in English. The samples consisted of rats and mice, with ages ranging from 6 to 36 weeks, most of them male. The DO used was hyperlipidemic, normal protein and hypoglycemic. DO was consistently associated with MS in all specific studies, in addition to being correlated with the composition of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ), formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), activation of microglia and astrocytes, which have been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: DO demonstrated a significant association with the development and progression of AD, highlighting the need for further investigation into the impacts of diet on brain health and the occurrence of AD.