Os benefícios de metodologias ativas com ênfase na simulação clínica em enfermagem para discentes de graduação : revisão integrativa

Abstract

It is a literature integrative review, which sought to identify the benefits of active methodologies with emphasis on clinical nursing simulation for undergraduate students, from scientific publications indexed in LILACS and MEDLINE databases, between 2014 and 2017. Following the search criteria, the sample of the integrative review totaled 14 articles indexed in the proposed databases, with five articles found in Lilacs and nine articles found in MedLine. Through this study, it can be verified that clinical simulation in nursing has been a subject strongly studied in the last years, due to the academics and professionals’ benefits attributed by it. Among the benefits pointed out by the studies, skills and competences development, the improvement of clinical reasoning and critical judgment for decision making, thus contributing to the actual clinical practice were verified. Although high-fidelity simulation brings benefits, there are limitations to its use, such as the experience authenticity, because it does not reproduce reliably human manifestations, since the simulator controller software is pre-programmed to reproduce the clinical signs, and in this case, does not "predict" intercurrences that may occur in actual practice. Another limiting factor pointed out in the literature is the high cost, since it demands highly sophisticated technology, besides that requires constant training for teachers involved in the teaching-learning process with this teaching tool. Although there are several studies about the topic, most of them are from literature reviews and the number of experimental quantitative studies is scarce, approaching the experience and use of this technology in the long term. Based on the search done, additional studies using quantitative measures to evaluate the simulation impact on critical thinking, self-confidence, skills development and clinical skills are recommended.